System and assembly for inflating and monitoring pressure within a retaining cuff

ABSTRACT

A system and accompanying assembly, of integrated or modular construction, for inflating and monitoring pressure within a retaining cuff including a housing having a pressure chamber connected in fluid communication with a fluid pressure source and a fluid communicating connection with the retaining cuff. Associated control circuitry includes a pressure sensor disposable in fluid communication with the pressure chamber and the retaining cuff, via the fluid communicating connection and structured to concurrently determine and monitor pressure within the pressure chamber and the retaining cuff. The control circuitry is cooperatively structured with the pressure sensor and other operative components to establish dynamic multilevel sampling capabilities, calibration parameters stored within the control circuitry prior to use and limited or single use capabilities of the assembly.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

The present application is a continuation application to previouslyfiled application having Ser. No. 15/170,343, filed on Jun. 1, 2016,which was a divisional application of previously filed applicationhaving Ser. No. 14/067,158, filed on Oct. 30, 2013, which claimspriority to a provisional patent application having Ser. No. 61/788,458and a filing date of Mar. 15, 2013, and which all incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a system and related assembly for inflatingand electronically monitoring pressure within a retaining or pressurecuff such as, but not limited to, the type used to effectively maintainthe position of an endotracheal tube within the trachea. In addition tothe inflating structure of the assembly, control circuitry iscooperatively structured with other operative components of the assemblyto include multilevel sampling capabilities dependent, at least in part,on a time basis and a pressure stability within the retaining cuff. Theassembly may also be structured for single or limited use monitoringsessions and preferably includes a self-contained power source.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

The use of endotracheal tubes is well known in the medical profession.In practice, the tube is inserted through the mouth, nose or tracheotomyof the patient into the trachea and is structured, when properlypositioned, to facilitate ventilation from a ventilator or the like.

As conventionally used, the endotracheal tube and/or tracheostomy tubeincludes a coupling structure at the proximal or outer end thereof whichconnects the lumen of the endotracheal and/or tracheostomy tube to thesource of ventilation. The endotracheal and/or tracheostomy tubecommonly includes an inflatable, pressure or retaining cuff which isgenerally disposed in surrounding relation to the distal end of thetube. In use, the cuff is inflated and thereby serves to secure orstabilize the position of the tube as it expands radially outward intoconfronting relation to the walls of the trachea. As a result, theinflated cuff serves to stabilize the position of the endotracheal tubeand also establishes a seal within the trachea. As conventionallystructured, a conduit is associated with the endotracheal tube andincludes an interior lumen used to inflate the cuff when theendotracheal tube is properly positioned within the trachea. Dependenton the structure and use of the endotracheal tube, the inflating line orconduit may be integrally formed on or within the primary wall of thetube itself. As such, the cuff is manually inflated by an appropriateinflation assembly such as, but not limited to, a separate, removablesyringe connected in fluid communication with the outlet lumen.Moreover, the cuff is inflated to a pressure which accomplishes theabove noted seal with the interior of the trachea, as well as effect theaforementioned stabilization of the endotracheal and/or tracheostomytube.

The importance of under inflation, over inflation and/or excessivepressurization of the retaining cuff is well recognized, due to thepotential of resulting injury and/or trauma to the patient. Accordingly,when the pressure within the cuff is too low, the sealing functionthereof cannot be fully achieved resulting in possible leakage ofsaliva, air, etc. into the trachea. However, an over pressurization ofthe cuff may result in reduced blood flow to tracheal tissue, trachealischemic conditions, and cause ulcers, bleeding and tracheal stenosis ortracheomalacia after removal of the tube, which can lead to the need fortracheal repair surgery or even a tracheal transplant. Accordingly, itis important to maintain the inner pressure of the cuff, depended on itsstructure and design, within predetermined ranges in order to affectboth the above noted fluid seal with the trachea as well asstabilization of the endotracheal tube within the trachea.

Known attempts to overcome problems of the type set forth above haveresulted in the provision of various types of pressure gauges or otherpressure monitoring devices connected in fluid communication with theoutlet lumen and with the pressure or retaining cuff itself. However,many of these known or conventional attempts to accurately monitor cuffpressure have resulted in less than accurate or satisfactory results.Accordingly, while known monitoring devices may be at least minimallyeffective for their intended function, they have been found to berelatively bulky, cumbersome, costly, and/or less than efficient.Indeed, because of these factors, monitoring devices are often notavailable at the bed side and ET cuff pressure monitoring is ofteninadequately addressed, both initially as well as after the patient isintubated.

Moreover, even if a one time, initial pressure identification isachieved, such is inadequate because the pressure can change over time,such as when the patient is moved or the endotracheal tube isrepositioned, or when ventilation settings are adjusted. As a result,there is a need in the medical profession for an assembly structured toproperly inflate and adequately monitor the pressure within a retainingor pressure cuff of an endotracheal and/or tracheostomy tube. Further,the inflating and monitoring functions of a proposed monitoring assemblyshould preferably be carried out by a single unit which may beincorporated within the endotracheal tube assembly or alternatively maybe connected thereto. As such, the monitoring of the pressure within theretaining cuff should be effectively accomplished by a mere visualobservation of the preferred assembly, without requiring repeatedattachment and removal of a pressure monitor and/or inflating device. Inaddition, such a preferred monitoring and inflating assembly should beeasily operable, and in certain preferred embodiments may be structuredto be used as a single use device, which is not integrated into theendotracheal tube, but readily connectable to an inflation lumen of thetube and subsequently detachable there from, but further whereinreconnection of the monitoring assembly is prevented so that reuse ofthe device is prevented to avoid cross-contamination of infection frompatient to patient.

Further, in addition to its applicability within the pressure orretaining cuff associated with an endotracheal tube, it is alsorecognized that such a structure would be highly beneficial for usewithin a variety of different medical devices, including the pressure orretaining cuffs, often referred to as balloons or bladders, used inballoon kyphoplasty, balloon sinuplasty, coronary or vascular balloonangioplasty and/or the delivery of stents, balloon esophageal dilation,and the dilation of strictures and sphincters, balloon dilatation of thenephrostomytract, and/or Swan Ganz catheters, among other medicaldevices.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a system and an attendant assemblyfor inflating a retaining cuff to an intended and/or predeterminedpressure and monitoring the pressure thereof, once inflated. As usedherein, the term “retaining cuff” is meant to primarily include apressure or retaining cuff for an endotracheal tube. However, the systemand assembly of the present invention may be used with a variety ofpressure or retaining cuffs structured for use in different medicalprocedures or instrumentation.

In more specific terms, the system and assembly of the present inventionincludes a housing having an interior pressure chamber and an inlet andan outlet disposed in direct fluid communication with the pressurechamber. The inlet is structured for connection to a fluid pressuresource such as, but not limited to, a syringe-like structure including aplunger and a delivery nozzle or portion which may comprise a male lureconnector. When so structured, the male lure connector should bedimensioned and configured to be inserted in the inlet of the pressurechamber. The outlet of the pressure chamber is structured for connectionwith a fluid communicating connection with the retaining cuff by virtueof a conduit, outlet lumen, pilot balloon, etc., connected to theretaining cuff.

Control circuitry is connected to or defines at least a part of thehousing and includes a micro processor, a pressure sensor, as well asother operative components associated with the intended features of themonitoring function of the present invention. The pressure sensor ispreferably in the form of a sensor module and the pressure sensor orsensor module is disposed in fluid communication with the pressurechamber. As such, the sensor module and the cooperative components ofthe control circuitry are cooperatively structured to determine andmonitor pressure within the pressure chamber. Further, due to theaforementioned fluid communicating connection between the pressurechamber and the retaining cuff, the pressure within the pressure chamberis substantially the same as that within the retaining cuff. As aresult, the determination and/or monitoring, by the sensor module, ofthe pressure within the pressure chamber will result in a determination,monitoring and indication of the same pressure within the retainingcuff.

Yet additional structural and operational features of the system andassembly of the present invention include the control circuitrycomprising sufficient memory or memory capabilities to facilitate itstoring calibration values or “calibration parameters”. Morespecifically, the assembly of the present invention is self-calibratingand the corresponding calibration values will be stored in thenon-volatile memory and then be placed in a “no-power state”.Accordingly, the assembly is shipped from the factory with no powerapplied to the control circuitry. The control circuitry remains in this“no-powered” mode until the monitoring assembly of the present inventionis first activated. Upon a first or initial activation electricalenergy, such as from a self-contained power source, is directed to thecontrol circuitry, microprocessor, etc. to facilitate the first orinitial activation. Immediately subsequent to the initial or firstactivation and from that point on, the control circuitry or morespecifically the microprocessor, pressure sensor or sensor module andpossibly other operative components associated therewith, will be eitherin a “sleep mode” or “sensor power mode”.

In addition, when in the sleep mode certain “low power” componentsoperatively associated with control circuitry including, but not limitedto the display device may draw relatively small amounts of current untilfully activated. However, the pressure sensor or sensor module draws arelatively greater amount of current and as such will be maintained in a“power-off” mode when not activated, such as when the pressure is notbeing monitored. As a result of the above, the operable life of theself-contained power source or battery is extended.

The aforementioned calibration parameters will be directly associatedwith and/or at least partially dependent on intended utilization of thesystem and assembly; the length of an intended monitoring session;cooperative structuring and operation of the various components and/orother operative features of the system and assembly. However, all of theaforementioned calibration parameters or values needed for the accuratedetermination and display of pressure readings and/or determination andmaintenance of pressure values of the retaining cuff and pressurechamber, will be stored prior to a first use or first activation of theassembly. More specifically, when the assembly is being structured,assembled and/or programmed for use and prior to its initial use oractivation, all of the calibration parameters and data are stored intothe non-volatile memory of the control circuitry.

Further, the memory is structured to store and/or maintain thecalibration parameters, wherein the control circuitry is then placed inthe aforementioned in the “no-powered mode”, as set forth above, duringshipment and prior to its first or initial activation. Moreover, upon aninitial or first activation when the assembly is ready for use, thecalibration parameters relating to the intended monitoring capabilitiesof the monitoring assembly will be implemented. Accordingly, there is noneed to calibrate the control circuitry and/or other operativecomponents of the assembly after it has been initially activated for itsfirst use in a monitoring session.

The housing of the inflating and monitoring assembly may also includethe aforementioned display device preferably, but not necessarily, inthe form of a display screen having “touch activation” featuresoperative to selectively activate and control operation of the displaydevice and in certain embodiments activation of other components of themonitoring assembly. In use, the display device will provide a visualindication of the pressure values or pressure readings of the retainingcuff. As further noted, the display device is operative on a very “lowpower” basis and as such may draw a small amount of current when it andthe microprocessor, associated with the control circuitry, are in the“sleep mode” after a first or initial activation of the monitoringassembly. It is again emphasized that before the initial or firstactivation or use of the monitoring assembly, the operative components,including the control circuitry, are in the aforementioned “no-poweredmode”, in that no power is applied to the control circuitry duringassembly or shipping.

In at least one embodiment, cooperative structuring between the displaydevice and control circuitry facilitates the powering-up of themicroprocessor upon a selective activation of the display device, suchas by utilizing the aforementioned touch activation of the displaydevice. In contrast, even when not performing a monitoring, reading ordisplay of a pressure value of the retaining cuff, the display devicewill normally remain in an active state even when the microprocessor andthe pressure sensor or sensor module are in the sleep mode. This is duein part to the fact that the display device operates on extremely lowpower. Accordingly, the difference between the “sleep mode” and the“sensor power mode” is that the pressure sensor and the microprocessorare running and active during the “sensor power mode”. In contrast, whenin the “sleep mode” the pressure sensor or sensor module and themicroprocessor are virtually powered off, at least to the extent thatonly a few exceptionally low power functions are operable.

Other operative features associated with one or more preferredembodiments of the present invention are also directly associated withthe conservation of power in order to extend the operable life of theself-contained power source. Accordingly, the control circuitry andmicroprocessor are operatively structured with the sensor module toinclude “multilevel sampling capabilities” which is effective toaccomplish power modulation to the pressure sensor or sensor module.More specifically, the multilevel sampling capabilities comprise asampling or monitoring of the pressure of the retaining cuff atdifferent rates or frequencies. Therefore, the multilevel samplingcapabilities include at least a high rate sampling mode and a low ratesampling mode. Further, the high rate sampling mode includes a samplingfrequency sufficient to determine substantially real-time pressurevalues of the retaining cuff and may occur at multiple times per secondsuch as, but not limited to, 4 times per second. In contrast, the lowrate sampling mode comprises a sampling frequency of generally aboutonce every 1-2 seconds. Therefore, power to and consumed by the pressuresensor or sensor module varies, so as to conserve energy of theself-contained power source or battery associated with the monitoringassembly. As such, during the high rate sampling mode, the pressuresensor will maintained in the “sensor power mode” a sufficient amount oftime to obtain pressure readings at the higher sampling rate. Therefore,more power will be consumed by the pressure sensor during this high ratesampling mode. In contrast, the pressure sensor will be allowed toassume the “sleep mode” and thereby consume less energy during the lowrate sampling mode. This is due, as set forth above, to the fact thatthe sensor module may be activated only about once every 1-2 seconds,rather than multiple times per second as is the case during the highrate sampling mode. It is therefore again emphasized that the variationin sampling rates, as well as the overall capability of placing themicroprocessor and the pressure sensor in either the “sleep mode” or“sensor power mode” serves to effectively save energy delivered by theself-contained power source.

In addition, the multilevel sampling capabilities include dynamicoperating characteristics comprising automatic changes of sampling ratesor frequencies, dependent at least in part on a “time basis” as well asthe pressure stability of the retaining cuff. Accordingly, when thepressure within the retaining cuff remains substantially stable over aperiod of time, for example two minutes, the dynamic operatingcharacteristics of the multilevel sampling capabilities willautomatically change the frequency of sampling from the high ratesampling mode to the low rate sampling mode. In addition, the samplingrate or sampling frequency will automatically be changed back from thelow rate sampling mode to the high rate sampling mode upon thedetermination of an actual change in the pressure or retaining cuff orthe occurrence of one or more predetermined external events.

As also described in greater detail hereinafter, the occurrence of apredetermined external event may also cause the dynamic operatingcharacteristics to automatically change the sampling rate or frequencyfrom the low rate sampling mode to the high rate sampling mode when anyevent occurs which would appear to affect the pressure within theretaining cuff. By way of example only, a manual adjustment orinadvertent manipulation of the fluid communicating connection of theretaining cuff with the outlet of the pressure chamber may beinterpreted by the control circuitry as an attempt to remove theretaining cuff from its intended fluid communication with the pressurechamber. In order to assure a real-time evaluation of the pressurewithin the retaining cuff during an external event, the high ratesampling mode will be established in order to accurately determine thepressure of the retaining cuff. However, the external event such as,purposefully or inadvertently, manipulating the fluid communicatingconnection may in fact not result in a reduction of the pressure withinthe retaining cuff.

Yet additional features of one or more preferred embodiments of thesystem and assembly include “limited use capabilities” comprisingstructuring the control circuitry for permanent deactivation after use.Moreover, the limited use capabilities may comprise operative featureswhich allow the assembly to be a single use device or alternativelycapable of being used for a limited or predetermined number ofmonitoring sessions. In accordance therewith, a switching assembly maybe connected to the housing and directly associated with the outlet ofthe pressure chamber. When so disposed or otherwise operativelypositioned, the switching assembly is structured to deactivate thecontrol circuitry upon the removal of the aforementioned fluidcommunicating connection from the outlet. The switching assembly mayalso be structured to activate the control circuitry upon theintroduction or establishment of the fluid communicating connection withthe outlet. This initial activation may occur when the retaining cuff isinitially connected in fluid communication with the interior of thepressure chamber by virtue of the outlet. As set forth above, thecontrol circuitry may normally or initially be disposed in a sleep modeand will not be activated. However additional structural and operativefeatures associated with the switching assembly may include an automaticactivation of the control circuitry upon establishment of the fluidcommunicating connection of the retaining cuff with the outlet.

As set forth above, one or more embodiments of the assembly may includethe aforementioned limited use capabilities. As a result the removal ofthe fluid communicating connection of the retaining cuff with thepressure chamber, through the outlet, may in turn result in the assemblybeing incapable of being used after such removal. However, in order toovercome any inadvertent manipulation, handling or external event whichwould be perceived by the control circuitry as an attempt to disconnectthe fluid communicating connection, the control circuitry includes a“time delay facility”. The time delay facility is operatively connectedto the control circuitry. The time delay facility is structured to delaydeactivation of the control circuitry for a predetermined time periodupon an at least partially disconnection of the fluid communicatingconnection. Therefore, any inadvertent contact or manipulation with thefluid communicating connection which would be interpreted by the controlcircuitry as an attempt to disconnect the fluid communicating connectionwill not, at least for a period of time, result in the prevention ofutilizing the repeated use of the monitoring assembly. Suchpredetermined time period associated with the time delay facility may beas little as a few seconds or as long as one or more minutes, before theremainder of the monitoring assembly is rendered inoperable andincapable of a repeated use. This time delay will allow a user toreconnect the fluid communicating connection or make other adjustmentswhich will prevent the control circuitry from becoming inoperable.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become clearer when the drawings as well as the detaileddescription are taken into consideration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a fuller understanding of the nature of the present invention,reference should be had to the following detailed description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a monitoring assembly of the presentinvention operatively integrated or modularly connected with a pressurecuff of the type associated with an endotracheal tube as well as a fluidpressure source.

FIG. 2 is an end perspective view of the inflating and pressuremonitoring assembly of the system of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2 representing a display structureassociated a housing and control circuitry of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 representing a powersource associated with control circuitry for powering the variousoperative components of the system of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view in section representing interior portionsof one embodiment of the housing and operative components of theembodiment of FIGS. 1-3.

Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several viewsof the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention is directed to a system and accompanying assembly,generally indicated as 10, for inflating and monitoring pressure withina pressure or retaining cuff 100 such as, but not limited to the typethat maintains proper position of an endotracheal tube 102 within thetrachea of the patient. For purposes of clarity descriptive legends arepresent in the schematic, perspective view of FIG. 1. Also, theoperative features and components of the inflating and monitoringassembly 10 of the present invention are further represented byappropriate reference numerals in FIGS. 2 through 5.

More specifically, the assembly 10 includes a casing or housing,generally indicated as 12, including a pressure chamber 14 (see FIG. 5),which may be disposed within the interior of a chamber housing 14′. Thepressure chamber 14 and chamber housing' 14′ include an inlet generallyindicated as 16 and an outlet generally indicated as 18 both disposed influid communication with the pressure chamber 14, 14′. In at least onepreferred embodiment, the inlet 16 is in the form of a female luer-typeconnector dimensioned and configured to removably receive a dispensingportion 20 of a fluid pressure source 22 therein. As also schematicallyrepresented in FIGS. 2 through 5, the source of fluid pressure 22 may bein the form of a syringe-like structure having a plunger disposed withinthe interior of a barrel or hollow body portion 23. When manipulated,the syringe-type structure 22 serves to direct fluid under pressurethrough the nozzle or dispensing portion 20 into the interior of thepressure chamber 14. Cooperative structuring between the dispensingportion 20 and the inlet 16 will facilitate the initial displacement ofa valve member 26 which is normally disposed in sealing relation to theinlet 16.

In more specific terms, insertion of the dispensing portion 20 will movethe valve 26 into a position where and associated seal member 28 isdisposed out of sealing engagement with interior portions of the chamber14. As a result, fluid under pressure will flow into the pressurechamber 14 and eventually out of the outlet 18. With reference to FIG.4, the outlet 18 is disposed, dimensioned and configured to establish afluid communicating connection, generally indicated as 30, with anoutlet lumen, pilot balloon, fluid connecting conduit, etc. which isdisposed in direct fluid communicating relation with the retaining orpressure cuff 100, as represented in FIG. 1. Moreover, the fluid outletlumen 32 may be in the form of a female male luer-type connectordimensioned and configured for mating, fluid transferring or conductingengagement with the outlet 18, in the form of a male luer-typeconnector, so as to at least partially define the fluid communicatingconnection 30, as represented. It should be further noted that uponremoval of the fluid pressure source 22 and withdrawal of the dispensingportion 20, the valve 26 will normally assume its sealed orientation,wherein seal 28 is disposed in its sealing orientation. As indicated andrepresented at least in FIG. 4, the sealing orientation thereby preventsthe escape of pressure within the pressure chamber 14 through the inlet16. Also, it is emphasized that when the fluid pressure source 22 isoperated, fluid will flow, under pressure, into the pressure chamber 14and be transferred through the fluid communicating connection 30 andoutlet lumen or like structure 32 to inflate and pressurize theretaining cuff 100. As a result, the pressure within the pressurechamber 14 will be the same as that within the pressure or retainingcuff 100.

In addition to the inflating structure and associated components, asgenerally set forth above, the inflating and monitoring assembly 10 ofthe present invention includes cooperatively structured and operativecomponents which facilitate the electronic monitoring of the pressurewithin the pressure or retaining cuff 100. As such, the housing 12 hasappropriate control circuitry, generally indicated as 40, connectedthereto or mounted thereon. The control circuitry 40 preferably includesan ultra-low power microcontroller as well as additional electroniccomponents further defining the control circuitry 40. In addition, thecontrol circuitry 40 as well as other electronically powered features ofthe monitoring and inflating assembly 10, include the provision of ahigh-energy density, single use, single cell battery generally indicatedas 42. Moreover, as will be explained in greater detail hereinafter, theself-contained power source or battery 42 will be appropriatelystructured to power the microprocessor and other electronic componentsof the control circuitry 40, a pressure sensor or pressure module 44 aswell as a display device 45 for intended operation through at least one“monitoring session”. As is recognized in the medical profession, atypical or conventional session associated with the use of theendotracheal tube 102 is generally about two weeks. Therefore theself-contained power source or battery 42 will be structured to lastthrough such a conventional time required to complete at least onemonitoring session of at least generally about 2 weeks.

The assembly of the present invention is self-calibrating and thecorresponding calibration values or calibration parameters will bestored in a non-volatile memory of the circuitry 40. The controlcircuitry 40 will then be placed in a “no-power state”. Accordingly, theassembly is shipped from the factory with no power applied to thecontrol circuitry 40. The control circuitry 40 remains in this“no-powered” mode until the monitoring assembly 10 of the presentinvention is first activated. More specifically, the monitoring assembly10 of the present invention is shipped from the factory, subsequent tomanufacture and assembly, with no power applied to the control circuitry40. The control circuitry 40 remains in this “no-powered” mode until themonitoring assembly 10 is first activated. Upon a first or initialactivation electrical energy, such as from the self-contained powersource 42, is directed to the control circuitry and microprocessor 40,etc. to facilitate the first or initial activation of the monitoringassembly 10. Immediately subsequent to the initial or first activationand from that point on, the control circuitry 40 or more specificallythe microprocessor, pressure sensor or sensor module 44 and possiblyother operative components associated therewith, will be either in a“sleep mode” or “sensor power mode”.

The aforementioned calibration parameters or values will be directlyassociated with and/or at least partially dependent on intendedutilization of the system and monitoring assembly 10; the length of anintended monitoring session; cooperative structuring and operation ofthe various components and/or other operative features of the system andmonitoring assembly 10. However, all of the aforementioned calibrationparameters needed for the accurate determination and display of pressurereadings and/or determination and maintenance of pressure values of theretaining cuff 100 and pressure chamber 14, will be downloaded prior toa first use or first activation of the assembly. More specifically, whenthe assembly is being structured, assembled and/or programmed for useand prior to its initial use or activation, all of the calibrationparameters and data are downloaded into the memory of the controlcircuitry.

Further, the memory is structured to store and/or maintain thedownloaded calibration parameters while the control circuitry 40 is inthe “no-powered mode”, as set forth above, prior to its first or initialactivation. Moreover, upon an initial or first activation when themonitoring assembly 10 is ready for use, the aforementioned calibrationparameters relating to the intended monitoring capabilities of themonitoring assembly 10 will be implemented. Accordingly, there is noneed to calibrate the control circuitry 40 and/or other operativecomponents of the assembly after it has been initially activated for itsfirst use in a monitoring session.

As set forth above, after the initial or first activation, the controlcircuitry and microprocessor 40, pressure sensor or sensor module 44 andpossibly other operative components associated therewith, will be eitherin a “sleep mode” or “sensor power mode”. As also set forth herein, thevarious operative components of the monitoring assembly 10 are poweredby the self-contained battery source 42. It is also noted that the powerrequirements of the pressure sensor 44 is significantly greater, inorders of magnitude higher, than other components operatively associatedwith the control circuitry 40. In order to save battery life and reducepower output, the power to the pressure sensor 44 may be modulated orsupplied on a periodic basis rather than continuously. As a result, thepressure sensor 44 and the microprocessor associated with the controlcircuitry 40 may be disposed in either the aforementioned “sleep mode”or the “sensor power mode” after the initial activation or use of themonitoring assembly 10.

In addition, when in the sleep mode certain “low power” componentsoperatively associated with control circuitry 40 including, but notlimited to the display device 45, may draw relatively small amounts ofcurrent until fully activated. However, as indicated, the pressuresensor or sensor module 44 draws a relatively greater amount of currentand as such will be maintained in the “sleep mode” when not activated,such as when the pressure is not being monitored. As a result of theabove, the operable life of the self-contained power source or battery42 is extended. Also, in at least one embodiment, cooperativestructuring between the display device 45 and control circuitry 40facilitates the powering-up of the microprocessor control circuitry 40upon a selective activation of the display device, such as by utilizingthe aforementioned touch activation of the display device. In contrast,even when not performing a monitoring, reading or display of a pressurevalue of the retaining cuff 100, the display device 45 will normallyremain in an active state even when the microprocessor of the controlcircuitry 40 and the pressure sensor or sensor module 44 are in thesleep mode. This is due in part to the fact that the display device 45operates on extremely low power.

Accordingly, the difference between the “sleep mode” and the “sensorpower mode” is that the pressure sensor 44 and the microprocessor 40 arerunning and active during the “sensor power mode”. In contrast, when inthe “sleep mode” the pressure sensor or sensor module 44 and themicroprocessor 40 are virtually powered off, at least to the extent thatonly a few exceptionally low power functions are operable.

With primary reference to FIG. 5, additional features of the inflatingand monitoring assembly 10 include provision of the pressure sensor inthe form of a sensor module 44 operatively associated with the controlcircuitry and microprocessor 40. As represented, the pressure sensor orsensor module 44 is disposed in direct fluid communication with thepressure chamber 14 on the interior of the pressure chamber housing 14′.As such, once the retaining or pressure cuff 100 has been inflated andpressurized, as set forth above, the pressure within the pressurechamber 14 will be substantially the same as that maintained within theretaining cuff 100. Therefore, the exposure and/or fluid communicationof the sensor module 44 to the interior pressure chamber 14 will resultin the sensor module 44 determining or “sensing” the common pressureexisting within the pressure chamber 14 and the retaining cuff 100. As aresult, the control circuitry and microprocessor 40, through theoperative capabilities of the sensor module 44, will provide an accurateand reliable electronic monitoring of the pressure within the retainingcuff 100 on a real-time or other predetermined basis, as explained ingreater detail hereinafter.

Yet additional structural and operative features of one or morepreferred embodiments of the inflating and monitoring assembly 10include the provision of a switching assembly 46. The switching assembly46 is mounted on or connected to the body 12 and includes at least oneswitch member 48. The switch member 48 is preferably, but notexclusively, disposed in direct, operative association with the outlet18. As a result, the insertion of an outlet lumen 32 within the outlet18 will establish a fluid communicating connection with an outlet lumen32. Such insertion or connection results in the interaction, engagementor “tripping” of the switching member 48 and switching assembly 46 bythe outlet lumen 32, in the form of a female luer-type connector intothe male luer-type connector of the outlet 18. In addition, theswitching assembly 46 is operatively connected to the microprocessor andcontrol circuitry 40. As such, cooperative structuring between theswitching assembly 46 and a remainder of the control circuitry 40results in the activation and/or deactivation of the control circuitry40, specifically including, but not limited to, the initial or firstactivation of the monitoring assembly 10. This is dependent on aninsertion or removal of the outlet lumen 32 relative to the outlet 18,at least to the extent of connecting or disconnecting the fluidcommunicating connection 30, as explained in greater detail herein.

Yet additional features of the inflating and monitoring assembly 10 ofthe present invention include the aforementioned display device 45. Inat least one preferred embodiment, the display device 45 may include adisplay screen having “touch activation” capabilities. Further, thedisplay device 45 is operatively connected to remaining portions of themicroprocessor and control circuitry 40 and as such may also at leastpartially control or regulate the activation, deactivation, power up,sleep mode, etc. of the control circuitry 40 as well as the displaydevice 45 itself. In use, the display device 45 will provide a visualindication for operating personnel of the pressure values or pressurereadings of the retaining cuff 100 through operation of the sensormodule 44 being disposed in fluid communication with the pressurechamber 14 and by virtue of the attachment of the outlet lumen 32, tothe common pressure maintained within the retaining cuff 100. As alsonoted in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the display device 45 may include analarm or information indicator in the form of an LED 47. The indicator47 will serve to alert a user or operator of the operativecharacteristics or conditions of the assembly 10 including, but notlimited to, excessive pressure within the retaining cuff 100, powerconditions of the self-contained power source or battery 42, and otherpre-determined or preferred conditions associated with the intended andproper functioning of the assembly 10. Such other operative conditionsmay include power-off and power-on modes of the control circuitry 40and/or display device 45 as well as other operative components of theinflating and monitoring assembly 10 of the present invention.

To further conserve energy of the self-contained power source, thecontrol circuitry and microprocessor 40 may also be structured tonormally assume the “sleep mode” subsequent to it being first activatedfor use during a monitoring session, as set forth above. Therefore,cooperative structuring between the display device 45 and controlcircuitry 40 facilitates the powering-up of the control circuitry 40upon a selective activation of the display device 45. Such selectiveactivation may be accomplished by utilizing or affecting theaforementioned a touch activation of the display device 45. Therefore,when not performing a monitoring, reading or display function of thepressure readings of the retaining cuff 100, at least the microprocessorof the control circuitry 40 and the pressure sensor 44 normally assume asleep mode. Due to this cooperative structuring between the displaydevice 45 and the control circuitry 40 a touch activation of the displaydevice 45 will result in full activation of the display device 45concurrent to activation of the microprocessor of the control circuitry40 from their respective sleep modes into their respective power-upmodes. However, it is noted that in at least one preferred embodimentthe pressure sensor 44 will remain in a sleep mode unless actualpressure monitoring is being conducted. This is due to the fact that thepressure sensor or pressure module 44 consumes relatively large amountsof power.

Other operative features associated with one or more preferredembodiments of the inflating and monitoring assembly 10 include thecontrol circuitry and microprocessor 40 as well as the pressure sensoror sensor module 44 cooperatively structured to include “multilevelsampling capabilities”. The “multilevel sampling capabilities” are alsodirectly associated with the conservation of power in order to extendthe operable life of the self-contained power source 42. Accordingly,the control circuitry and microprocessor 40 are operatively structuredwith the pressure sensor or sensor module 44 to effectively accomplishpower modulation to the pressure sensor or sensor module 44, during themultilevel sampling procedure. More specifically, the multilevelsampling capabilities comprise a sampling or monitoring of the pressureof the retaining cuff 100 at different rates or frequencies. Therefore,the multilevel sampling capabilities include at least a high ratesampling mode and a low rate sampling mode. Further, the high ratesampling mode includes a sampling frequency sufficient to determinesubstantially real-time pressure values of the retaining cuff and mayoccur at multiple times per second such as, but not limited to, 4 timesper second. In contrast, the low rate sampling mode comprises a samplingfrequency of generally about once every 1-2 seconds. Therefore, power toand consumed by the pressure sensor or sensor module 44 varies, so as toconserve energy of the self-contained power source or battery 42associated with the monitoring assembly 10. As such, during the highrate sampling mode, the pressure sensor 44 will be maintained in the“sensor power mode” a sufficient amount of time to obtain pressurereadings at the higher sampling rate. Therefore, more power will beconsumed by the pressure sensor 44 during this high rate sampling mode.In contrast, the pressure sensor 44 will be allowed to assume the “sleepmode” and thereby consume less energy during the low rate sampling mode,when the common pressure within the pressure chamber 14 and retainingcuff 100 is not actually being monitored or determined. This is due, asset forth above, to the fact that the sensor module may be activatedonly about once every 1-2 seconds, rather than multiple times per secondas is the case during the high rate sampling mode. It is therefore againemphasized that the variation in sampling rates, as well as the overallcapability of placing the microprocessor of the control circuitry 40 andthe pressure sensor 44 in either the “sleep mode” or “sensor power mode”serves to effectively save energy delivered by the self-contained powersource 42.

In addition, the multilevel sampling capabilities include “dynamicoperating characteristics” comprising automatic changes of samplingrates or frequencies, dependent at least in part, on a “time basis” aswell as the pressure stability of the retaining cuff 100. Accordingly,when the pressure within the retaining cuff 100 remains substantiallystable over a predetermined period of time, for example 2 minutes, thedynamic operating characteristics of the multilevel samplingcapabilities will automatically change the frequency of pressuresampling or reading from the high rate sampling mode to the low ratesampling mode. In addition, the sampling rate or sampling frequency willautomatically be changed back from the low rate sampling mode to thehigh rate sampling mode upon an a determination of an actual change inthe pressure of the retaining cuff 100 or the occurrence of one or morepredetermined external events, which may be interpreted by the controlcircuitry as an attempt to disconnect the fluid communicating connection30.

The occurrence of a predetermined external event may also cause thedynamic operating capabilities to automatically change the sampling rateor frequency from the low rate sampling mode to the high rate samplingmode, when any event occurs which would appear to or be interpreted bythe microprocessor and control circuitry 40 to affect the pressurewithin the retaining cuff 100. By way of example only, an intendedmanual adjustment or an inadvertent contact or manipulation of theoutlet lumen 32, such as by a dislodgement thereof relative to theoutlet 18, may be interpreted by the microprocessor and controlcircuitry 40 as an attempt to remove the retaining cuff 100 from itsintended fluid communication with the pressure chamber 14. In order toassure a substantially real-time evaluation and monitoring of thepressure within the retaining cuff 100, during such an external event,the high rate sampling mode will be established in order to accuratelydetermine the pressure of the retaining cuff 100 on a substantiallyreal-time basis. However the external event, as set forth above, may beinadvertent and misinterpreted by the control circuitry 40 and in factnot be an attempted reduction of the pressure within the retaining cuff100.

As additionally set forth herein, the monitoring assembly 10 of thepresent invention is powered by a self-contained battery source 42. Itis also noted that the power requirements of the pressure sensor 44 issignificantly greater, in orders of magnitude higher, than othercomponents operatively associated with the control circuitry 40. Inorder to save battery life and reduce power output, the power to thepressure sensor 44 may be modulated or supplied on a periodic basisrather than continuously. As a result, the pressure sensor 44 at leastpartially controlled by the microprocessor and control circuitry 40 maybe disposed in either the “sleep mode” or the “sensor power mode”, asindicated. Therefore, the microprocessor and control circuitry furthercomprises “periodic sampling capabilities” which in turn may beaccomplished by “power pulsing” of the pressure sensor 44. As such, thepower pulsing procedure may include periodic power-on activation intothe “sensor power mode” and a subsequent power-off deactivation of thepressure sensor 44 into the “sleep mode”. Therefore, the pressure sensor44 is structured to monitor pressure of the retaining cuff 100 on aperiodic basis, during the power-on activation thereof. Further, thecontrol circuitry and microprocessor 40 are structured to instigate theaforementioned power-off deactivation, subsequent to the monitoring ofpressure of the retaining cuff 100 by the pressure sensor 44. As aresult power drain from the battery 42 will be minimized, and thebattery life will be extended.

It should be further noted that the aforementioned and describedmultilevel sampling capabilities may be implemented, at least in part,with the aforementioned power pulsing capabilities. However, in at leastone preferred embodiment the periodic sampling capabilities mayoperatively replace the aforementioned multilevel sampling capabilities.Such independent operation, exclusively under the “power pulsing”procedure, is operative to include the periodic power-on activation andsubsequent power-off deactivation in a manner which is independent ofthe multilevel sampling of pressure within the retaining cuff 100 atdifferent rates or frequencies, as indicated. Accordingly, in order tomaintain or extend the operable life of the self-contained batterysource 42, power is only directed to the pressure sensor 44 when it istime to read or monitor the pressure within the retaining cuff 100.Thereafter, current to the pressure sensor 44 is turned off at all othertimes. Further, in at least one preferred embodiment, the pressuresensor 44 may require a predetermined period of time such as, by way ofexample only, 20 milliseconds to stabilize its pressure reading afterpower-on activation has been accomplished. More specifically, each timepower is pulsed to the pressure sensor 44, to read the pressure withinthe retaining cuff 100, the power-on activation of the pressure sensor44 will be maintained for at least the predetermined time period of, byway of example only, 20 mS. The output from the pressure sensor 44 isthen read or determined during this period of time and the current tothe pressure sensor 44 is immediately turned off, resulting in theaforementioned power-off deactivation thereof. This cycle constitutesone sampling cycle.

Yet additional structural and operative features of the system and theinflating and monitoring 10 include the control circuitry 40 comprisinga sufficient memory and/or memory capabilities to store intended orrequired calibration parameters. Such calibration parameters maytypically include, but not be limited to, the establishment andmonitoring of an appropriate pressure within the retaining cuff 100.Therefore, the calibration parameters will be dependent on utilizationof the system and assembly, the length of intended monitoring session,cooperative structuring and operation of the various components andfeatures of the system and assembly 10, etc. However all of theaforementioned calibration parameters needed for accurate operation, interms of determination and display of pressure readings, will bedownloaded prior to a first use or first activation of the assembly andduring the structuring, formation, assembly, etc. of the assembly 10.More specifically, when the monitoring assembly 10 is being formed,structured and assembled and prior to its initial use or activation, allof the calibration parameters and data are downloaded into the memory ofthe control circuitry 40.

Further, the memory is structured to store and maintain the downloadedcalibration parameters, while the control circuitry is in a power-offmode, such as prior to its first use or activation for its firstmonitoring session. Therefore, upon an initial or first activation ofthe control circuitry 40, when the monitoring assembly 10 is ready foruse, the calibration parameters relating to pressure monitoring, etc.will be implemented. As a result, there is no need to calibrate thecontrol circuitry and/or other operative components of the inflating andmonitoring assembly 10 after it has been initially activated for itsfirst use in a monitoring session.

Additional features of one or more preferred embodiments of the systemand assembly 10 include “limited use capabilities” comprisingstructuring the control circuitry 40 for permanent deactivation afterone or more uses and or monitoring sessions. More specifically, thelimited use capabilities may comprise operative features which allow themonitoring assembly 10 to be a single use device or alternativelycapable of being used for a limited or predetermined number ofmonitoring sessions. In accordance there with, the switching assembly 46including the switch member 48, is structured and operative todeactivate the control circuitry 40 upon the removal of the outlet lumen32 from the fluid communicating connection 30 or outlet 18. Theswitching assembly 46 may also be structured to activate the controlcircuitry 40 upon the introduction or establishment or insertion of theoutlet lumen 32 into the outlet 18 so as to establish, connect or definethe fluid communicating connection 30. This initial activation of thecontrol circuitry 40 may occur when the retaining cuff 100 is firstconnected in fluid communication with the interior of the pressurechamber 14 by virtue of the attachment of the outlet lumen 32 to theoutlet 18. As set forth above, the control circuitry 40 may normally orinitially be disposed in a sleep mode and will be automaticallyactivated upon establishment of the fluid communicating connection 30 ofthe retaining cuff 100 with the pressure chamber 14. This in turn iscaused by the insertion of the outlet lumen 32 into the outlet 18.

As set forth herein, the control circuitry 40 of the inflating andmonitoring assembly 10, include the aforementioned limited usecapabilities. Accordingly, the removal of the outlet lumen 32 and thedisconnection of the fluid communicating connection 30 may activate thesingle use or limited use capabilities. However, in order to come toovercome any inadvertent manipulation, handling, or other external eventwhich would be perceived or interpreted by the control circuitry 40 asan attempt to disconnect the fluid communicating connection 30, thecontrol circuitry 40 includes a “time delay facility”. The time delayfacility is operatively connected to the control circuitry 40 and isstructured to delay permanent deactivation of the control circuitry 40for a predetermined period of time. As a result any inadvertent contactor intentional manipulation of the fluid communicating connection 30such as by contact with the outlet lumen 32 adjacent the outlet 18,which could be interpreted by the control circuitry as an attempt todisconnect the fluid communicating connection 30 will not, at least fora period of time, result in the permanent deactivation of the controlcircuitry 40. As noted, such predetermined time period associated withthe time delay facility may be as little as a few seconds or as long asone or two minutes, before the remainder of the monitoring assembly 10is rendered inoperable and incapable of further or repeated use. It isnoted that the length of the time delay should be such as to allow auser to reconnect the fluid communicating connection 30 or make anyother adjustments which will prevent the inflating and monitoringassembly 10 from further use.

Yet additional structural and operative features of both the modular andintegrated embodiments as set forth above include memory capabilitiesIncorporated within the control circuitry 40 which serves to store dataresulting from the monitoring of pressure within the retaining cuff 100.In addition, the monitoring data could be saved to the memorycapabilities of the control circuitry 40 and be later downloaded to apatient's electronic medical records storage, healthcare personnel orother healthcare facilities databases. Accordingly, the system andmonitoring assembly of the present invention could include structurewhich facilitates hardwire or wireless transmission of the stored datafrom the memory capabilities to the appropriate location, as preferredor required. Such stored data of the monitoring procedures in any givenmonitoring session allows clinicians to analyze data, provide recordsfor insurers and/or demonstrate that the healthcare facility isfollowing proper procedures for preventing tracheal trauma, by keepingpressures of the retaining cuff 100 within the appropriate and/orpredetermined safe ranges. By way of example, monitoring data should berecorded upon the clinician monitoring cuff pressure every 6 hoursand/or during a shift change. The ability to store the monitoring dataprovides significantly greater data points and provides a “watchdog” forinsurance company to ensure that clinicians are actually monitoringpressure for supporting malpractice lawsuit defense. This may alsoprovide incentive for the clinicians to be more diligent in their cuffmonitoring procedures.

In addition to the above, the control circuitry 40 and additionalassociated operative components working in cooperation there with couldaccomplish wireless transmissions. More specifically, a wireless orother appropriate communication facilities could be incorporated in thecontrol circuitry 40, as set forth above, for the purpose oftransmitting notifications to clinicians when the pressure data and/orintended or predetermined parameters were not within a preset acceptablerange. Such data could be wirelessly uploaded to a secure database formaintaining accurate records of procedures and during the one or moresampling sessions with which the system and monitoring assembly 10 ofthe present invention is associated or utilized.

Somewhat similar to the above noted wireless and/or mobile communicationfacilities associated with the monitoring assembly 10 and the includedmonitoring system, will be appropriate computer applications or softwarethat allows the monitoring data and or the monitoring procedure itselfto be managed and edited, utilizing a mobile communication device suchas a smart phone, laptop, etc.

As set forth above, and with specific reference to FIG. 1 the monitoringassembly 10 of the present invention can be utilized and made availablein either a modular construction embodiment as at least generallydescribed in FIGS. 4 and 5 or an integrated construction embodiment. Inthe latter structural configuration, the monitoring assembly 10,including the housing 12 comprises the inlet and outlet 16 and 18respectively being fixedly interconnected to the fluid pressure source22 and to the retaining cuff 100. Fixed or permanent connection of theoutlet 18 to the retaining cuff 100 may be accomplished by aninterconnecting outlet lumen 32. Moreover, the fluid pressure source 22can be fixedly connected to the inlet 16 either directly, as generallyrepresented in FIG. 4. As such, the nozzle 20 and the inlet 16 arecooperatively structured to accomplish the aforementioned fixedconnection, rather than being removable attached. In the alternative,and or inlet lumen 52 may serve to fixedly and permanently interconnectthe fluid pressure source 22 to the housing 12 and the outlet 16.

Accordingly, the integrated construction, as versus the modularconstruction, at least partially comprises the housing 12, the controlcircuitry 40 and at least the retaining cuff 100 being fixedly and/orpermanently attached at least to the extent of being made available andutilized together in a generally “kit format”. In addition, theintegrated construction may also include the fluid pressure source 22being fixedly connected to the housing 12 by virtue of the directconnection with the inlet 16 or by a fixed interconnection therewith viathe inlet or inflation lumen 52.

It is emphasized that many of the structural and operative features ofthe monitoring assembly 10, whether in its modular format or integratedformat, as explained above, are the same. As such, the monitoringassembly 10, whether in the modular construction or the integratedconstruction, may include multilevel sampling capabilities includingdynamic operating characteristics comprising automatic changes ofsampling rates or frequencies as explained. In combination therewith orin addition, the control circuitry 40 may be structured to includeperiodic sampling capabilities comprising power pulsing of the pressuresensor 44 including the aforementioned and described periodic power-onactivation and subsequent power-off deactivation which defines a singlesampling cycle.

In addition, both the modular and integrated embodiments of themonitoring assembly 10 may include the memory capabilities includingcalibration parameters stored therein prior to a first activation of thecontrol circuitry 40. As such the control circuitry 40 and the memorycapabilities associated therewith are structured and operative tomaintain the calibration data in a stored state during an initialpower-off condition, prior to the first activation of the controlcircuitry 40.

However, at least one structural and operational distinction between themodular embodiment and the integrated construction of the monitoringassembly 10 includes the absence of the trigger or switch mechanism 48as described with primary reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 of the modularembodiment. More specifically, the control circuitry 40 of theintegrated construction embodiment comprises activating facilitiesstructured to activate the control circuitry upon a detection of a“fluid variance” within the pressure chamber 14. In more specific terms,the activation facilities associated with the control circuitry 40comprises a fluid flow detector which may be mounted in direct fluidcommunication with or within the pressure chamber 14. The fluid flowdetector and/or and associated part of the control circuitry 40 isstructured to determine fluid movement and or the passage of air orother inflating gas within and or through the pressure chamber 14. Inaddition, the pressure variance may also comprise a pressure increasewithin the pressure chamber 14, such as when inflating, pressurizingfluid is first introduced into the pressure chamber 14 from the fluidpressure source 22 via the inlet lumen 52. It is further noted thatinitial activation or “turn-on” of the monitoring assembly 10 may beaccomplished by a simple manually activated button and/or icon 49present on the display 45.

In somewhat similar terms of operation, the pressure sensor 44 may beoperatively connected to the activation facilities and structured todetermine a pressure increase and/or a pressure decrease. As such, thepressure sensor 44 is structured to assume an on-off low power samplingmode operative to periodically sample for a predetermined pressureincrease within the pressure chamber 44 as generally indicated above.Operatively associated therewith, the control circuitry 40 is furtherstructured to include deactivation facilities structured to deactivatethe control circuitry 40 upon at least a fluid variance within thepressure chamber as generally indicated. In this instance deactivationof the monitoring assembly 10 and control circuitry 40 will beaccomplished if the pressure variance within the pressure chamber 14 issignificantly decreased, even to the point of reaching ambient pressure.Such a significant decrease may occur, but is not limited to, theoccurrence of a detachment of the outlet lumen 32 from the retainingcuff 100 and or the monitoring assembly 10. In each of the above notedsituations involving the determination of “pressure variance” within thepressure chamber 14, the determination of fluid movement or fluid flowtherein and or a decrease in existing pressure must last for apredetermined duration of time.

Since many modifications, variations and changes in detail can be madeto the described preferred embodiment of the invention, it is intendedthat all matters in the foregoing description and shown in theaccompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense. Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined bythe appended claims and their legal equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system operative to monitor pressure within aretaining cuff generated by a pressurized fluid flow, said systemcomprising: a retaining cuff, a housing including a chamber housing anda pressure chamber, said pressure chamber having an inlet and an outlet,said retaining cuff integrally interconnected to said outlet, saidpressure chamber disposed on an inside of said chamber housing, saidinlet structured for connection to a fluid pressure source and saidoutlet comprising a fluid communicating connection with said pressurechamber, control circuitry connected to said housing and structured toregulate operation of a pressure sensor; said pressure sensor disposedin fluid communication with said pressure chamber and said retainingcuff; said pressure sensor at least partially disposed on said inside ofsaid chamber housing, said fluid communicating connection structured toconcurrently establish a substantially common pressure in said pressurechamber and said retaining cuff, said pressure sensor structured todetermine said substantially common pressure, said inlet configured topermit passage there through of a pressurized fluid flow from the fluidpressure source to said pressure chamber, said outlet configured topermit passage there through of the pressurized fluid flow out of saidpressure chamber, a switching assembly mounted on said housing, saidswitching assembly comprising a switch disposed in adjacent relation tosaid outlet, said switch structured to respectively deactivate andactivate said control circuitry upon a disconnect and connect of a fluidconnecting conduit, and said pressure sensor and said control circuitrycooperatively structured to sample said retaining cuff at differentrates, said control circuitry structured to change said sampling rate toan optimal sampling rate based upon said substantially common pressuredetermined by said pressure sensor over a predetermined period of time.2. The system as recited in claim 1 further comprising the fluidpressure source fixedly connected in fluid communication with saidinlet.
 3. The system as recited in claim 1 wherein each of said controlcircuitry is structured to reduce a sampling rate of said pressuresensor and reduce power consumption thereby upon said substantiallycommon pressure remaining uniform for said predetermined period of time.4. The system as recited in claim 3 wherein said control circuitry isstructured to increase a sampling rate of said pressure sensor in theevent of fluctuations in said substantially common pressure identifiedby said pressure sensor.
 5. The system as recited in claim 4 whereinsaid control circuitry is structured to switch said pressure sensorbetween at least a high rate sampling mode and a low rate sampling mode;said high rate sampling mode including a sampling frequency sufficientto determine real-time pressure readings of the retaining cuff.
 6. Thesystem as recited in claim 1 wherein said control circuitry furthercomprises periodic sampling capabilities comprising power pulsing ofsaid pressure sensor including periodic power-on activation andpower-off deactivation of said pressure sensor.
 7. The system as recitedin claim 6 wherein said pressure sensor is structured to monitor saidsubstantially common pressure of said pressure chamber and saidretaining cuff during said periodic power-on activation, said controlcircuitry further structured to instigate said power-off deactivationsubsequent to the monitoring of said substantially common pressure bysaid pressure sensor during said power-on activation thereof.
 8. Thesystem as recited in claim 1 wherein said control circuitry comprisesmemory capabilities including calibration parameters stored thereinprior to a first activation of said control circuitry; said controlcircuitry and said memory capabilities being further structured tomaintain said calibration data in a stored state during a no-poweredmode prior to the first activation of said control circuitry; saidcontrol circuitry further structured to activate and implement saidcalibration parameters upon the first activation of said controlcircuitry.
 9. The system as recited in claim 8 wherein said controlcircuitry comprises activating facilities structured to activate saidcontrol circuitry upon a detection of a fluid variance within saidpressure chamber.
 10. The system as recited in claim 9 wherein saidactivation facilities comprise a fluid flow detector disposed in fluidcommunication with said pressure chamber and structured to determinefluid movement within said pressure chamber; said fluid variancecomprising said fluid movement within said pressure chamber.
 11. Thesystem as recited in claim 9 wherein said fluid variance comprises apredetermined pressure increase within said pressure chamber.
 12. Thesystem as recited in claim 11 wherein said pressure sensor isoperatively connected to said activation facilities and structured todetermine said pressure increase.
 13. The system as recited in claim 12wherein said pressure sensor is structured to assume an on-off low powersampling mode operative to periodically sample for said predeterminepressure increase within said pressure chamber.
 14. The system asrecited in claim 1 wherein said control circuitry further comprisesdeactivation facilities structured to deactivate said control circuitryupon at least a fluid variance within said pressure chamber.
 15. Thesystem as recited in claim 14 wherein said fluid variance comprises apredetermined pressure decrease within said pressure chamber.
 16. Thesystem as recited in claim 15 wherein said fluid variance furthercomprises said predetermined pressure decrease existing over apredetermined duration.
 17. The system as recited in claim 15 whereinsaid predetermined pressure decrease comprises a decrease tosubstantially ambient pressure.
 18. The system as recited in claim 1wherein said outlet is configured to permit passage there through thepressurized fluid flow out of said pressure chamber and into a fluidconnecting conduit.